African Small Carnivore Research Initiatives
- ASCaRIs Head Office, University of Fort Hare, Zoology Building, King William's Town Road, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa
- ascaris.org@gmail.com
MEET OUR STUDY SPECIES (WELL, WE WISH!)
This section of the website is still under construction.
Please lie down, relax and look forward... to the finished product :-)
Africa is home to at least 80 species of small carnivores, that is species with an average adult body mass <15 kg. These belong to 8 different families: Canidae, Eupleridae, Felidae, Herpestidae, Hyaenidae, Mustelidae, Nandiniidae and Viverridae.
The sections below present distribution maps and short identity cards of each species. You can access the corresponding IUCN conservation status assessments by clicking on each species' status. You can also download full assessments with distribution maps and lists of countries where each species occurs.
Please see below details on how you can assist us in improving both this webpage and the current knowledge on African small carnivores. If you notice that one of your photographs is being used below and has not been duly credited, kindly contact us so that we can rectify this immediately. We acknowledge the use of the following sources to prepare these short species' ID cards: Carnivores of the World, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1. Carnivores, and Mammals of Africa – Volume V. Carnivores, Pangolins, Equids and Rhinoceroses. Thank you to all of our colleagues who worked very hard to collect and analyse the data, or to collate and synthesize the information currently available on these species!
HB: head and body length 🔴 T: tail length 🔴 W: weight
CANIDAE (10–11 SPECIES)
Research needs: Still to be identified and listed
Remark: Lupulella adusta recently suggested to be the correct scientific name
E. Do Linh San
C1. Side-striped Jackal (Canis adustus)
HB: 65–81 cm 🔴 T: 30–41 cm 🔴 W: 5.9–12 kg
Distribution: West, Central and Southern Africa
Habitat: Wooded grassland, woodland savannah, marshland, montane areas and forest edges; peri-urban and urban areas
Diet: Omnivorous
Activity: Nocturnal; rarely crepuscular
Social behaviour: Pair + often yearlings (up to 7 individuals)
Home range: 0.15–1.6 km²
Density: 0.07–0.97 ind./km²
Threats: Human persecution, vehicles
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: xxx
Unknown source*
C2. African Golden Wolf (Canis lupaster)
HB: 74-84 cm 🔴 T: 20-24 cm 🔴 W: 6.5-9.8 kg
Distribution: Northern and Central East Africa
Habitat: Semi-desert, short to medium grasslands and savannahs
Diet: Omnivorous
Activity: Nocturnal, but flexible and may have diurnal activity periods
Social behaviour: Pair + sometime yearlings
Home range: 1.1-20 km²
Threats: Human persecution, vehicles
IUCN population trend: Increasing
Research needs: xxx
© E. Do Linh San
C3. Black-backed Jackal (Canis mesomelas)
HB: 65-90 cm 🔴 T: 26-39.5 cm 🔴 W: 5.9-12 kg
Distribution: Central East and Southern Africa
Habitat: Arid coastal desert, woodland to open grassland, farmland
Diet: Omnivorous
Activity: Nocturnal, but flexible and may have diurnal activity periods
Social behaviour: Pair + yearlings
Home range: 0.3-24.9 km²
Threats: Human persecution, vehicles
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: xxx
© C. & M. Stuart
C4. Bat-eared Fox (Otocyon megalotis)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: xxx
© C. & M. Stuart
C5. Blandford's Fox (Vulpes cana)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: xxx
© E. Do Linh San*
C6. Cape Fox (Vulpes chama)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: xxx
© Name Surname
C7. Pale Fox (Vulpes pallida)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: xxx
© A. Sliwa
C8. Rüppell's Fox (Vulpes rueppellii)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: xxx
© A. Sliwa
C9. Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: xxx
© A. Sliwa
C10. Fennec Fox (Vulpes zerda)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
EUPLERIDAE (8–10 SPECIES)
E1. Fossa (Cryptoprocta fossa)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Vulnerable (VU)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: xxx
© Name Surname
E2. Eastern Falanouc (Eupleres goudotii)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Vulnerable (VU)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: xxx
© Name Surname
E3. Western Falanouc (Eupleres major)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Vulnerable (VU)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
E4. Spotted Fanaloka (Fossa fossana)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Vulnerable (VU)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
E5. Ring-tailed Vontsira (Galidia elegans)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: xxx
© Name Surname
E6. Broad-striped Vontsira (Galidictis fasciata)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Vulnerable (VU)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
E7. Grandidier’s Vontsira (Galidictis grandidieri)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Vulnerable (VU)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
E8. Bokiboky (Mungotictis decemlineata)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Vulnerable (VU)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: xxx
© Name Surname
E9. Brown-tailed Vontsira (Salanoia concolor)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Vulnerable (VU)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
FELIDAE (7–8 SPECIES)
Research needs: Studies on spatio-temporal ecology are needed to design proper conservation plans
© Name Surname
F1. Golden Cat (Caracal aurata)
HB: 61.6-101 cm 🔴 T: 16.3-34.9 cm 🔴 W: 6-16 kg
Distribution: Western Africa
Habitat: Moist forests along rivers, logged forest with understory
Diet: Mainly small ungulates, birds are also taken
Activity: Primarily crepuscular but some nocturnal and diurnal activity has been recorded
Social behaviour: Nothing known
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Habitat fragmentation and human persecution
IUCN conservation status: Vulnerable (VU)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: xxx
© C. & M. Stuart
F2. Caracal (Caracal caracal)
HB: 61-105.7 cm 🔴 T: 19.5-34 cm 🔴 W: 6.2-20 kg
Distribution: All Africa, except Sahara desert and Western region
Habitat: Dry woodlands, savannahs, acacia scrubs and arid mountain areas
Diet: Hares, hyrax, rodents and birds
Activity: Mainly nocturnal but crepuscular activity has been recorded
Social behaviour: Solitary + pairs
Home range: 15.2-220 km² (♂) 🔴 5.5-57 km² (♀)
Threats: Habitat fragmentation, human persecution
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: Ecological and behavioural field studies are paramount to design conservation plans
Unknown source
F3. Jungle Cat (Felis chaus)
HB: 61-85 cm 🔴 T: 20-31 cm 🔴 W: 2.6-12 kg
Distribution: Nil river valley in Egypt
Habitat: Tall grasslands, thick bush, riverine swamps and reed beds
Diet: Mainly small mammals, birds, reptiles and frogs were recored
Activity: Nocturnal, but crepuscular activity has been recorded
Social behaviour: Nothing known
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Human persecution (pelt)
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: Ecological and behavioural field studies are paramount to design conservation plans
Unknown source
F4. Sand Cat (Felis margarita)
HB: 39-52 cm 🔴 T: 23.2-31 cm 🔴 W: 1.4-3.4 kg
Distribution: North Africa in most of Sahara desert
Habitat: Undulated stabelized dune areas, dry river beds and open steppes with sparse grass and shrubs
Diet: Mainly small desert rodents, reptiles and insects
Activity: Nocturnal, some diurnal activity in winter months
Social behaviour: Solitary
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Human persecution, competition from introduced and feral domestic (cats and dogs) species
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: xxx
Unknown source
F5. Black-footed Cat (Felis nigripes)
HB: 36-52 cm 🔴 T: 16.6-20 cm 🔴 W: 1-2.5 kg
Distribution: Southern Africa
Habitat: Dry open savannah and grasslands and Karoo semi-desert
Diet: Mainly small mammals, but also eats invertebrates, reptiles and birds
Activity: Nocturnal and crepuscular
Social behaviour: Solitary, except during mating season
Home range: 9.5-17.6 km²
Threats: Habitat fragmentation, human persecution, poisoning
IUCN conservation status: Vulnerable (VU)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: Lack of studies in African populations; spatio-temporal ecology studies are paramount
© E. Do Linh San
F6. Wild Cat (Felis silvestris)
HB: 40.6-66.5 cm 🔴 T: 24.1-36.8 cm 🔴 W: 2.4-6.4 kg
Distribution: Africa, except Sahara desert
Habitat: Open woodlands and grasslands, scrub areas near water
Diet: Murids rodents, hares and rabbits are sometimes taken
Activity: Nocturnal, but can be crepuscular in remote areas
Social behaviour: Solitary
Home range: 1.6-52.7 km²
Threats: Human persecution, hybridization with feral and domestic cats, vehicles
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: xxx
Unknown source
F7. Serval (Leptailurus serval)
HB: 59-92 cm 🔴 T: 20-38 cm 🔴 W: 7-13.5 kg
Distribution: Morocco, Central and East southern Africa
Habitat: Grasslands and savanahs, riverine habitats near water
Diet: Small mammals, hares, birds, reptiles and frogs are also taken
Activity: Nocturnal and crepuscular
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: 9.5-31.5 km²
Threats: Human persecution
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
HERPESTIDAE (26–27 SPECIES)
Research needs: xxx
Unknown source*
H1. Marsh Mongoose (Atilax paludinosus)
HB: 48.7-51.4 cm 🔴 T: 31-41 cm 🔴 W: 2.4-4.1 kg
Distribution: Western, Eastern and Southern Africa
Habitat: Riparian habitats, swamp forests, estuarine and coastal areas
Diet: Opportunistic, crabs, fish, insects, mammals and reptiles
Activity: Nocturnal and crepuscular
Social behaviour: Solitary + pairs are also seen
Home range: 131-204 ha
Threats: Habitat fragmentation and human persecution (bushmeat)
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
H2. Bushy-tailed Mongoose (Bdeogale crassicauda)
HB: 40-50 cm 🔴 T: 18-30 cm 🔴 W: 1.3-2.1 kg
Distribution: Eastern Africa, mainly in Tanzania and Mozambique
Habitat: Wooded grasslands, montane forests and riverine forests
Diet: Mainly insects, but small mammals and reptiles also taken
Activity: Nocturnal
Social behaviour: Solitary + some pairs recorded
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Habitat fragmentation
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
H3. Jackson's Mongoose (Bdeogale jacksoni)
HB: 50.8-57.1 cm 🔴 T: 28.3-32.4 cm 🔴 W: 2-3 kg
Distribution: Kenya, SE Uganda and confirmed in Tanzania
Habitat: Montane forests, bamboo areas and lowland forests
Diet: Mainly small mammals, but insects, reptiles and eggs also taken
Activity: Nocturnal
Social behaviour: Solitary, but groups were also recorded
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Forest loss and fragmentation
IUCN conservation status: Near Threatened (NT)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
H4. Black-legged Mongoose (Bdeogale nigripes)
HB: 45-65 cm 🔴 T: 29-40 cm 🔴 W: 2-4.8 kg
Distribution: Central East of Africa
Habitat: Rain forests
Diet: Omnivorous, mainly arthropodes, but small mammals, reptiles, amphibians and fruits also taken
Activity: Nocturnal, but some diurnal activity recorded
Social behaviour: Solitary
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Forest losss and fragmentation and bushmeat
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: xxx
© Name Surname
H5. Sokoke Bushy-tailed Mongoose (Bdeogale omnivora)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Vunerable (VU)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: xxx
© Name Surname
H6. Alexander's Cusimanse (Crossarchus alexandri)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: xxx
© Name Surname
H7. Angolan Cusimanse (Crossarchus ansorgei)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: xxx
© C. & M. Stuart
H8. Common Cusimanse (Crossarchus obscurus)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: xxx
© Name Surname
H9. Flat-headed Cusimanse (Crossarchus platycephalus)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: xxx
© E. Do Linh San
H10. Yellow Mongoose (Cynictis penicillata)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: xxx
© Name Surname
H11. Pousargues's mongoose (Dologale dybowskii)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Data Deficient (DD)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: xxx
© Name Surname
H12. Somali Dwarf Mongoose (Helogale hirtula)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: xxx
© E. Do Linh San
H13. Common Dwarf Mongoose (Helogale parvula)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: xxx
© Name Surname
H14. Angolan Slender Mongoose (Herpestes flavescens)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: xxx
© G. & D. Darling
H15. Large Grey Mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: xxx
© Name Surname
H17. Long-nosed Mongoose (Herpestes naso)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: xxx
© Name Surname
H18. Somalian Slender Mongoose (Herpestes ochraceus)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: xxx
© T. Hardacker
H19. Small Grey Mongoose (Herpestes pulverulentus)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: xxx
© E. Do Linh San
H20. Slender Mongoose (Herpestes sanguineus)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: xxx
© M. & W. Tarboton
H21. White-tailed Mongoose (Ichneumia albicauda)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: xxx
© Name Surname
H22. Liberian Mongoose (Liberiictis kuhni)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Vulnerable (VU)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: xxx
© H. van Rompaey*
H23. Gambian Mongoose (Mungos gambianus)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: xxx
© C. & M. Stuart
H24. Banded Mongoose (Mungos mungos)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: xxx
© P. Apps
H25. Selou's Mongoose (Paracynictis selousi)
HB: xx-yy cm 🔴 T: xx-yy cm 🔴 W: xx-yy kg
Distribution: xxx
Habitat: xxx
Diet: xxx
Activity: xxx
Social behaviour: xxx
Home range: x.x-y.y km² (♂) 🔴 x.x-y.y km² (♀)
Threats: xxx
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© L. Swanepoel
H26. Meller's Mongoose (Rhynchogale melleri)
HB: 44-50 cm 🔴 T: 28-41.2 cm 🔴 W: 1.8-2.8 kg
Distribution: Southwest Africa
Habitat: Savannah, open woodland and grasslands
Diet: Mainly insectivorous, termites, but frogs and reptiles also taken
Activity: Nocturnal
Social behaviour: Solitary ?
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Human persecution
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: xxx
© E. Do Linh San
H27. Meerkat (Suricata suricatta)
HB: 24.5-29 cm 🔴 T: 19-24 cm 🔴 W: 620-969 g
Distribution: East of South Africa
Habitat: Open semi-arid areas, scrub and grasslands
Diet: Insectivorous, manliy insects, but small reptiles also taken
Activity: Diurnal
Social behaviour: Social groups (up to 20)
Home range: 2-10 km²
Threats: Human
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
HYENIDAE (1 SPECIES)
Research needs: xxx
© A. Sliwa
Y1. Aardwolf (Proteles cristatus)
HB: 55-80 cm 🔴 T: 20-40 cm 🔴 W: 8-14 kg
Distribution: North East, Central East and Southern Africa
Habitat: Open plain grasslands and savannahs with different tree densities
Diet: Almost exclusively on termites
Activity: Nocturnal, some diurnal activity in winter
Social behaviour: Pair + yearlings
Home range: 1.5-3.8 km²
Threats: Poison, human persecution, vehicles
IUCN population trend: Stable
MUSTELIDAE (9–13 SPECIES)
Research needs: xxx
© C. & M. Stuart*
M1. African Clawless Otter (Aonyx capensis)
HB: 73-88 cm 🔴 T: 46.5-51.5 cm 🔴 W: 10-21 kg
Distribution: Central and Southern Africa
Habitat: Mostly freshwater riverine forests, rainforests and swamp forests and forest rivers in open coastal plain water areas
Diet: Primarily crab-eaters, but frogs, fish and insects also taken
Activity: Nocturnal, some diurnal activity in remote areas
Social behaviour: Mostly solitary, but family groups may be found
Home range: 14-20 km²
Threats: Habitat destruction and water pollution
IUCN conservation status: Near Threatened (NT)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
M2. Congo Clawless Otter (Aonyx congicus)
HB: 79-97 cm 🔴 T: 41-56 cm 🔴 W: 14-25 kg
Distribution: East of Central Africa
Habitat: Undisturbed rainforests, rivers, wetlands and swamps
Diet: Fish, crabs, earthworms, frogs and aquatic insects
Activity: Diurnal and crespuscular (in remote areas)
Social behaviour: Mostly solitary, but family groups may be found
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Forest fragmentation, human persecution (bushmeat)
IUCN conservation status: Near Threatened (NT)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: xxx
© C. & M. Stuart
M3. Spotted-necked Otter (Hydrictis maculicollis)
HB: 57-76 cm 🔴 T: 38.5-44 cm 🔴 W: 3.8-6 kg
Distribution: Central and Southern East Africa
Habitat: Freshwater rivers, lakes and swamps
Diet: Fish, crabs and frogs, but birds and insects are also taken
Activity: Diurnal
Social behaviour: Family groups
Home range: 5.8-16.2 km²
Threats: Habitat destruction and water pollution
IUCN conservation status: Near Threatened (NT)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© A. Sliwa
M4. Libyan Striped Weasel (Ictonyx libycus)
HB: 20.7-26 cm 🔴 T: 11.4-18 cm 🔴 W: 200-600 g
Distribution: Nort Africa, except Sahara desert
Habitat: Sub-desert areas, rocky areas, steppes and areas of sparse brush
Diet: rodents, small birds, eggs, lizards and insects
Activity: Nocturnal
Social behaviour: Solitary
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Nothing known
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
Unknown source
M5. Zorilla (Ictonyx striatus)
HB: 28-38 cm 🔴 T: 16.5-28 cm 🔴 W: 0.4-1.2 kg
Distribution: Across Africa, except North and East Central Africa
Habitat: Great variety, mountains, sand plains, forest, swamps, riverine woodlands and grasslands
Diet: Mainly small rodents and insects, but birds, eggs and reptiles are also taken
Activity: Nocturnal
Social behaviour: Solitary + pairs often seen
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Vehicles
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: xxx
Unknown source
M6. Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra)
HB: 50-82 cm 🔴 T: 37.5-50 cm 🔴 W: 5-14 kg
Distribution: Morocco, North Algeria and Tunisia
Habitat: Lakes, rivers, streams, swamps, coastal and estuarine wetlands
Diet: Mainly fish, frogs, crabs but birds and small mammals are also taken
Activity: Mainly norcturnal and crepuscular
Social behaviour: Males are solitary but females live in groups
Home range: 7-15 km (linear home range)
Threats: Water pollution, human persecution (fur), vehicles
IUCN conservation status: Near Threatened (NT)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: xxx
© E. Do Linh San
M7. Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis)
HB: 73-96 cm 🔴 T: 14.3-23 cm 🔴 W: 6.2-13.6 kg
Distribution: North west, Central and Southern Africa
Habitat: Very diverse: from deep, subtropical and evergreen forests; to open and riparian woodlands, afro-alpine steppes, savannah, etc.
Diet: Omnivorous
Activity: Nocturnal but diurnal activity has been recorded
Social behaviour: Solitary, but pairs are often seen
Home range: 126-541 km²
Threats: Human persecution
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: xxx
Unknown source
M8. Least Weasel (Mustela nivalis)
HB: 11.4-26 cm 🔴 T: 7-9 cm 🔴 W: 0.025-0.25 kg
Distribution: Morocco, North Algeria and Tunisia
Habitat: Agricultural fields, grasslands, forests, riparian woodlands, hedgerows and coastal dunes
Diet: Mainly small rodents, birds, reptiles, frogs and insects are also taken
Activity: Both Nocturnal and diurnal (mixed)
Social behaviour: Solitary
Home range: 0.6-26 ha (♂) 🔴 0.2-7 ha (♀)
Threats: Poison, human persecution, vehicles
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: xxx
Unknown source*
M9. Western Polecat (Mustela putorius)
HB: 20.5-46 cm 🔴 T: 7-19 cm 🔴 W: 0.4-1.7 kg
Distribution: Morocco
Habitat: Forests, meadows, abandoned fields and agricultural areas often near water sources
Diet: Amphibians, small mammals, fish, birds and invertebrates
Activity: Nocturnal, but crespucular and diurnal activity can occur
Social behaviour: Solitary
Home range: 0.42-4.28 km²
Threats: Human persecution; hunted for fur; vehicles
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: Almost nothing is known about this species' basic behaviour and ecology
© Name Surname
M10. Egyptian Weasel (Mustela subpalmata)
HB: 27-30 cm 🔴 T: 10.7-12.9 cm 🔴 W: 45-130 g
Distribution: Egypt
Habitat: Fields near water channels, found near towns and villages
Diet: Small mammals and insects
Activity: Unknown
Social behaviour: Unknown
Home range: Unknown
Threats: Unknown
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Increasing
Research needs: Field studies to know their basic ecology, behaviour and conservation needs are paramount
© Name Surname
M11. African Striped Weasel (Poecilogale albinucha)
HB: 24-33 cm 🔴 T: 13.8-20 cm 🔴 W: 210-380 g
Distribution: Central and Southern Africa
Habitat: Grasslands, savannahs, forests, pine plantations and agricultural land
Diet: Small rodents, reptiles, birds and eggs are also taken
Activity: Nocturnal, but some diurnal activity may take place
Social behaviour: Solitary, but pairs or small groups are found
Home range: Unknown
Threats: Unknown
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: Field studies to know their basic ecology, behaviour and conservation needs are paramount
Unknown source*
M12. Marbled Polecat (Vormela peregusna)
HB: 28.8-47.7 cm 🔴 T: 15.5-17.8 cm 🔴 W: 295-750 g
Distribution: East Egypt
Habitat: Open desert, semi-arid rocky and sparsely vegetated areas
Diet: Omnivourous, mainly small mammals, birds, reptiles, eggs, insects and fruits also taken
Activity: Nocturnal and crepuscular, but diurnal activity also recorded
Social behaviour: Solitary?
Home range: 0.5-0.6 km²
Threats: Loss of natural steppes and desert habitats, Human persecution (bushmeat), vehicles
IUCN conservation status: Vulnerable (VU)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
NANDINIIDAE (1 SPECIES)
Research needs: Field studies to know their basic ecology, behaviour and conservation needs are paramount
© David Mills*
N1. African Palm Civet (Nandinia binotata)
HB: 37-62.5 cm 🔴 T: 34-76.2 cm 🔴 W: 1.2-3 kg
Distribution: Western and Central Africa
Habitat: Montane tropical forests, riparian deciduous forests and savannah woodlans
Diet: Omnivora, mainly fruits but small mammals, birds and insects were also recorded
Activity: Nocturnal
Social behaviour: Solitary
Home range: 34-153 ha (♂) 🔴 29-70 ha (♀)
Threats: Human persecution (bushmeat), habitat fragmentation
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
VIVERRIDAE (17–21 SPECIES)
Research needs: xxx
Unknown source
V1. African Civet (Civettictis civetta)
HB: 67-84 cm 🔴 T: 34-46.9 cm 🔴 W: 7-20 kg
Distribution: Western, Eastern and Southern East Africa
Habitat: Forest and open habitats with understory, riverine habitats in drier regions
Diet: Omnivorous: invertebrates, fruits, small vertebrates, eggs and grass
Activity: Mainly nocturnal, but crespuscular activity has also been recorded
Social behaviour: Solitary; pairs + yearlings also recorded
Home range: Unknown
Threats: Human persecution (bushmeat)
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: Field studies to know their basic ecology, behaviour and conservation needs are paramount
© Name Surname
V2. Ethiopian Genet (Genetta abyssinica)
HB: 40.8-43 cm 🔴 T: 38-40.3 cm 🔴 W: 1.3-2 kg
Distribution: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan
Habitat: Montane dry forests, Afro-alpine grassland, steppes and sub-desert areas
Diet: Mainly small mammals, but insects, birds and fruits also taken
Activity: Nocturnal but some diurnal activity was recorded
Social behaviour: Solitary ?
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Habitat fragmentation
IUCN conservation status: Data Deficient (DD)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
V3. Miombo Genet (Genetta angolensis)
HB: 44-47.8 cm 🔴 T: 38-43 cm 🔴 W: 1.3-2 kg
Distribution: Sparsed distribution across Central Africa
Habitat: Open miombo woodlands, savannah
Diet: Omnivorous, small mammals, insects, fruits and grass
Activity: Nocturnal
Social behaviour: Nothing known
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Nothing known
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
V4. Bourlon's Genet (Genetta bourloni)
HB: 49.5 cm 🔴 T: 41 cm 🔴 W: 1.5-2.0 kg
Distribution: Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia and Sierra Leone
Habitat: Rainforest
Diet: Nothing known
Activity: Nothing known
Social behaviour: Nothing known
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Habiat (forest) fragmentation, human persectuion (bushmeat)
IUCN conservation status: Vulnerable (VU)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
V5. Crested Genet (Genetta cristata)
HB: 49.5-62.2 cm 🔴 T: 43.1-43.2 cm 🔴 W: 2.5 kg
Distribution: Cameroon, Nigeria and possibly Gabon and PR Congo
Habitat: Deciduous forest with understory cover and montane forest
Diet: Omnivorous, Small mammals, insects, birds, reptiles and plant material also recorded
Activity: Crepuscular? (from captivity animals)
Social behaviour: Nothing known
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Forest fragmentation, hunting (bushmeat)
IUCN conservation status: Vulnerable (VU)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: xxx
© Name Surname
V6. Small-spotted Genet (Genetta genetta)
HB: 46.5-52 cm 🔴 T: 40-51.6 cm 🔴 W: 1.4-2.6 kg
Distribution: All Africa except Sahara desert and Western Africa
Habitat: Diverse range, but mainly associated with tree and bush cover, present also in rocky outcrops
Diet: Omnivorous, mainly small mammals, birds, insects, reptiles, eggs, fruits and grass also taken
Activity: Nocturnal
Social behaviour: Solitary + pairs occasionally observed
Home range: 0.25-14.7 km²
Threats: Human persecution (bushmeat), vehicles
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
V7. Johnston's Genet (Genetta johnstoni)
HB: 47-51.4 cm 🔴 T: 46.2-49.5 cm 🔴 W: 2.2-2.6 kg
Distribution: Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia and Sierra Leone
Habitat: Rainforest, wetlands like swamps and riverine forests
Diet: Nothing known
Activity: Nocturnal
Social behaviour: Solitary + pairs occasionally seen
Home range: Nonthing known
Threats: Forest fragmentation, human persecution (bushmeat)
IUCN conservation status: Near Threatened (NT)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
V8. Rusty-spotted Genet (Genetta maculata)
HB: 41.1-52.1 cm 🔴 T: 39.5-54 cm 🔴 W: 1.3-3.2 kg
Distribution: All Africa except Nothern and Western Southern Africa
Habitat: Rainforest, woodland savannah, montane forest, wet habitats such as riparian and swamps, also occur in farmlands
Diet: Omnivorous, mainly small mammals, but fruits and seed are also taken
Activity: Nocturnal + some crepuscular activity recorded
Social behaviour: Solitary
Home range: 2.8-5.9 km²
Threats: Human persecution (bushmeat), vehicles
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
V9. Pardine Genet (Genetta pardina)
HB: 41-55.3 cm 🔴 T: 39-53 cm 🔴 W: up to 3.1 kg
Distribution: Western Africa
Habitat: Rainforests, riparian forests and moist woodlands
Diet: Omnivorous, mainly small mammals, insects and fruits
Activity: Nocturnal
Social behaviour: Solitary
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Human persecution (bushmeat)
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
V10. Aquatic Genet (Genetta piscivora)
HB: 44.5-49.5 cm 🔴 T: 34-41.5 cm 🔴 W: 1.5 kg
Distribution: DR Congo
Habitat: Rainforest
Diet: Mainly fish
Activity: Nocturnal and Crepuscular
Social behaviour: Solitary
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Human persecution (bushmeat)
IUCN conservation status: Near Threatened (NT)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
V11. King Genet (Genetta poensis)
HB: 60.2 cm 🔴 T: 41.5 cm 🔴 W: 2-2.5 kg
Distribution: Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Equatorial Guinea and PR Congo
Habitat: Rainforest
Diet: Nothing known
Activity: Nothing known
Social behaviour: Nothing known
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Human persecution (bushmeat)
IUCN conservation status: Data Deficient (DD)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
V12. Servaline Genet (Genetta servalina)
HB: 44.5-51 cm 🔴 T: 36-48.5 cm 🔴 W: 2.3 kg
Distribution: Central Africa
Habitat: Woodland savannah, savannah-forest mosaic and gallery forest
Diet: Omnivorous, mainly small mammals, but insects, reptiles, amphibians, birds and fruit are also taken
Activity: Nocturnal
Social behaviour: Solitary
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Human persecution (bushmeat)
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
V13. Hausa Genet (Genetta thierryi)
HB: 44.3-45 cm 🔴 T: 40-43 cm 🔴 W: 1.3-1.5 kg
Distribution: Western Africa
Habitat: Dry savannahs, open woodlands, also found in rainforests
Diet: Nothing known
Activity: Nocturnal
Social behaviour: Nothing known
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Human persecution (bushmeat)
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
V14. Cape Genet (Genetta tigrina)
HB: 42.7-58 cm 🔴 T: 38-45.9 cm 🔴 W: 1.4-2.1 kg
Distribution: South Africa and Lesotho
Habitat: Forests, lowland and montane fymbos, riparian zones and scrub and open grasslands
Diet: Omnivorous, mainly small mammals, but birds, insects, crabs, earthworms and plants are also taken
Activity: Nocturnal
Social behaviour: Solitary + yearlings
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Human persecution, vehicles
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Stable
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
V15. Giant Genet (Genetta victoriae)
HB: 55-60 cm 🔴 T: 41.3-49 cm 🔴 W: 2.5-3.5 kg
Distribution: DR Congo and West Uganda
Habitat: Rainforest
Diet: Nothing known
Activity: Nocturnal
Social behaviour: Solitary
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Human persecution (bushmeat)
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
V16. West African Linsang (Poiana leightoni)
HB: 30-38 cm 🔴 T: 35-40 cm 🔴 W: 500-700 g
Distribution: Ivory Coast and Liberia
Habitat: Rainforest
Diet: Omnivorous, insects, birds and plants
Activity: Nothing known
Social behaviour: Nothing known
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Forest fragmentaion
IUCN conservation status: Vulnerable (VU)
IUCN population trend: Decreasing
Research needs: Field work surveys on spatiotemporal ecology are needed in order to assess possible threats
© Name Surname
V17. Central African Linsang (P. richardsonii)
HB: 32.1-40 cm 🔴 T: 34-40.2 cm 🔴 W: 455-750 g
Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, PR Congo and DR Congo
Habitat: Lowland and montane forest
Diet: Omnivorous, small mammals, birds, insects, fruits and plants
Activity: Nocturnal
Social behaviour: Nothing known
Home range: Nothing known
Threats: Forest fragmentation and human persecution (bushmeat)
IUCN conservation status: Least Concern (LC)
IUCN population trend: Unknown
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